Abstract Aims: Visual quality is one of the factors influencing of body´s educational spaces on children's self-efficacy. Lack of visual quality in preschool educational spaces will reduce motivation and self-efficacy in children.
Methods: The dimensions of visual quality are visibility, visibility, and depth, which play an essential role in shaping children's behavior. Suppose the visual quality of the space-based on self-efficacy is considered in the formation of educational spaces for children 4 to 6 years old. It will have positive consequences such as motivational activities, enthusiasm and competence, and the formation of educational spaces.Without visual qualities will have negative consequences in children's behavior Lack of sense of worth, reduced satisfaction, and space security will leave.
Conclusion: In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the visual quality of children's educational space on self-efficacy in children aged 4 to 6 years. Furthermore, the data for the visual quality efficiency of educational spaces using content analysis technique and Depthmap and Maxqda 2020 software in five sample Primary schools in Isfahan (Fooladshahr) have been measured.

Abstract Aims: In Tehran, which is a city born in the modern era and is always open to immigration, establishing a meaningful relationship between the urban space/architectural bodies and citizens has been one of the most important design and planning challenges. The demographic structure and buildings undergo dramatic changes at a high speed, and citizens find fewer points of support to recreate themselves and their memories with them. Methods: Research paradigm is interpretive and the approach is quantitative. The collected data through a survey study is analyzed with statistical tests. Data analysis is done through descriptive-analytical research design and the validity of the research model has been measured thorough exploratory factor analysis. Findings: In the dimension of “spatial practice”, “physics and the structure of space” followed by “the structure of signs”, have gained the most points. The respondents are able to understand the relationships of the components and the language that conveys the meanings in experienced spaces. In the dimension of “representation of space”, “ideology and mental preconceptions” has the highest score, which means that the respondents interfere their mentalities in judging the qualitative values of the space. In the “representational space”, the “social perception” has the highest average which means that people have given importance to their psychological needs in the experience of the public space alongside other citizens. Conclusion: The phenomenological dimensions of space in the realm of cultural uses can be counted and evaluated in a way that is concreted in people's lived experience of space. This can significantly affect the planning of urban spaces and the design of architectural bodies.

Abstract Aims: This article discusses the formation of the concept of "performance" and its expansion in urban studies, focusing on the rhetorical field of "city strolling" and the effect of this concept in forming new perceptions of the city and urban practices. The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the impact of the concept of "performance" in urban discourse and introducing its effectiveness in the study of urban phenomena and the design of urban public spaces.
Methods: The research method is qualitative. Based on library research, the formation of this concept and its effects in the field of urban studies have been analyzed.
Findings: City strolling (especially Debord's "Dérive") due to its internal capacities, has been the origin of the concept of performance, which has not only changed the relationship between the city and its residents, but also has been effective in the emergence of new practices and forms of behavior in the city. "Dérive" imposes elements such as play, show, intervention and situation to the city system and reads the city not based on the previous dominant narrative, but based on the experiences of the activists.
Conclusion: Special attention to daily practices and affairs, fleeting encounters, action processes and social interactions in the context of the city requires an approach that can decipher the functional logic of these activities. Performance, both as a kind of behavior and as a kind of analogy and efficient method, has shown and proved its potential in city studies.

Abstract Aims: Cities and their surrounding areas provide the ground for creating opportunities. Moreover, these places reveal systematic socio-economic fault lines, gaps, inequalities, and structural poverty. Cities are centers where ecosystems cross their functional thresholds and reinforce inequalities and vulnerabilities with increasing demands and pressures on limited natural resources. Therefore, it is time to move quickly from the extraction-based model in the last century to a renewable, flexible, and nature-based model which accepts the limitations of our world. Methods: Therefore, this study aims to identify the concept of productive city as a novel concept in the theoretical field of urban planning using the systematic review method based on a four-stage model via formulating the search strategy of papers and search process considering terms of productive city, productive urban planning, urban productivity and nature city in the top citation databases. In total, 214 papers were identified from 2013 to 2022 in the initial search, 68 of which were selected as eligible for deeper investigation and response to the research questions. Findings: This research indicate since adapting to the effects of climate change and resilience against environmental hazards requires a long-term perspective based on understanding nature. Conclusion: applying the concept of the productive city as a nature-based approach, guaranteeing social regeneration, economic and ecological sustainability, and functional-spatial continuity of cities in facing the upcoming challenges and environmental hazards, and reduce the pressures on natural resources. Furthermore, this seems necessary in contemporary urban development plans.

Abstract Aims: Urban space is one of the main places for people's social interactions, which includes squares, streets, accesses, etc. these spaces require a comprehensive design that means comfortable and easy to use for all people with physical and mobility limitations. A significant part of the citizens are people with disabilities, so special attention should be paid to addressing their needs and problems in the city. People with disabilities include Persons with physical, mental, sensory, and internal disabilities, pregnant women, children, and the elderlyIn this regard, the purpose of this article is to identify the physical problems of people with disabilities in the study area and evaluate them for the presence of people with disabilities. Methods: after recognizing the current situation by studying library resources, by conducting a field survey, it has been analyzed by SWOT method and Wizard scenario. After prioritizing the developed strategies, executive solutions have been designed. Finding and Conclusion: The results obtained from this study show that one of the most aim problems in the target axis is the lack of adaptation of furniture for the use of people with disabilities, lack of proper flooring, lack of adaptation of transportation stations. Appeared. Also, performing solutions such as adapting service uses, adapting transportation stations, standard flooring for all types of low-power groups, locating suitable urban furniture, designing urban furniture for the use of all citizens, and creating sensory and audio panels to adapt spaces. A city helps for the presence of people with disabilities.

Abstract Aims: Efficiency as a cultural index can be defined as the comfort resulting from the proper arrangement of components and the connection point between form and function; which plays an important role in adding quality to the space. Such an attitude to design; It is an attempt to obtain a model of valuable previous architecture to measure sustainability and discover the grammar of space in order to create works for the future of architecture.
Methods: The current research is a kind of documentary research, based on the use of data of valuable models of the past, which, by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, analyzes the concept of efficiency in the structure of function and form in native Qajar houses of Isfahan.
Findings: Most of the massing has been done in the north (public spaces), west (service spaces), south (private spaces) and east (service spaces) fronts, respectively. Also, the data obtained from Ecotect software shows that the best direction in Isfahan city is between 17.5 degrees southwest and 22.5 degrees southeast. However, the frequency of Isfahan Orientation in the native Qajar houses of Isfahan is very low, and the emphasis is on the orientation in the north-south direction, and the southeast or southwest of it has not been given much attention.
Conclusion: The configuration of the space, the amount of received energy and the visual communication of the environment (sight) are among the indicators that affect the efficiency, which is understood by the way of massing, spatial relations and spatial proportions.

Abstract Problem: Structure is a term that creates meaning for the framework of formation of different shapes and is able to create targeted condition for formation and even interference for shapes.
Target: It is to be noted that this process of formation of shapes is based on defined module and this module is regarded as infrastructure for layout of shapes and is accompanied with social exchanges, activities and equilibrium; since, if a space has great amount of quality and eligibility, it is able to attract more amount of people and turned into a place for gathering social groups and collecting social groups based on different layers of social classes is effective on geometrical structure of a complex and is also regarded as basis for formation of merged geometrical principles in general structure of a shape; since, if this principle is not correctly regarded as equilibrium, the motion system of different classes are not directed toward correct path and finally leads to interference of motion layer, lack of eligibility and localization of space.
Method: Thus, it is attempted through benefiting from interpretative and historical nature to geometrically analyze this set and describe its elementary structure as intact form and then by benefiting from deductive reasoning to describe details of this set from viewpoint of general structure and due to analytical tables, it is possible to obtain better understanding from relationship of geometrical system with structure of set and in continuation of this process, through raising hypothesis (probably formalism by Klaus Herdeg).
Result: It is possible to obtain conformity of geometrical pattern originated from structure of this set and recognizing groups obtained from conformity of motor structure of layers in Naghshe Jahan square that is effective on political and economic issues of this set.