Analysis of Residents' Environmental Perception of the Biophilic Function of Green Space in Residential Complexes (Case Study: Parham and Khorram Complexes in Kermanshah City)

Objective: This study aims to analyze residents' environmental perception of the biophilic function of green space in Parham and Khorram residential complexes in Kermanshah, Iran, to investigate the impact of biophilic design components on residential satisfaction.

Method: The present research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach. The statistical population consisted of 364 residents of two residential complexes, from which a sample of 250 people (125 from each complex) was selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made 14-item questionnaire based on quantitative, facilities, psychosocial, aesthetic, and environmental components. Each item was mapped to a specific biophilic design principle (based on Kellert's framework). Content validity was confirmed by CVR and CVI (CVR ≥ 0.99; mean CVI = 0.92), and reliability by Cronbach's alpha (total: 0.84). Data analysis was performed using independent t-tests, Friedman test, and Pearson correlation in SPSS software.

Results: The Friedman test results showed that green space area is the most influential component affecting green space desirability, followed by increased security due to tree visibility and physical health. The mean satisfaction of Parham complex residents (4.17) was significantly higher than that of Khorram complex (3.22). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between increased green space area and residential satisfaction (r = 0.277; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Biophilic design of green space has a positive and significant effect on improving environmental perception and residential satisfaction of residents in residential complexes. .