Philosophical developments from the modern to the contemporary era have transformed the understanding of landscape from a purely visual phenomenon into a cultural, perceptual, and interdisciplinary process.** The central problem of this research is the lack of a comprehensive framework for analyzing and designing landscapes that simultaneously addresses physical structure, human experience, and cultural meaning-making. The study aims to propose a three-layer model for landscape analysis that encompasses the objective, perceptual, and eco-symbolic dimensions. Using a descriptive-analytical and hermeneutic methodology, the evolution of landscape theories—from Descartes to phenomenology and mesology—was examined, leading to the identification of three distinct layers. The findings indicate that the **objective layer** deals with the physical and observable structure of the landscape, the **perceptual layer** encompasses users' multisensory and embodied experiences, and the **eco-symbolic layer** focuses on the role of culture, history, and meaning in shaping the landscape. Analysis of two exemplary urban parks in Iran and France demonstrates that these three layers coexist in successful designs, enabling the reproduction of meaning and human experience. The study concludes that a comprehensive understanding of landscape necessitates an interdisciplinary approach, and the proposed three-layer model can serve as a practical tool for the design and analysis of urban and cultural landscapes.