Abstract Aims: How to design spaces in cities can have different effects on citizens. The objectives of this study can be to examine the impact of biophilic urban space on the stress of people.
Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consists of 20 bachelor and master students in the field of architecture and urban planning at Tabriz University of Islamic Arts in the academic year 1400. First, students' health was identified using a call announcement and a demographic questionnaire, and these individuals were quantified for stress with the help of a smart wristband while viewing images of biophilic and non-biophilic urban spaces with the help of virtual reality glasses.
Findings: Analysis of the results shows that the average change in stress of individuals while viewing non-biophilic images was approximately 5/2 units higher than biophilic ones in the second minute. p-Value is significant between individuals with education in biophilic state and rest in 1 minute and non-biophilic in 2 minutes. The difference between stress number in non-biophilic state and biophilic in 2 minutes is significant (p-value = 023/0) and shows the positive effect of biophilic approach on reducing stress that this efficiency can be considered in the design of future urban spaces.
Conclusion: Special attention of urban designers on the structure of spaces and the use of extraction measures from the biophilic model in different scales cause the design or organization of spaces that significantly reduce the stress of people living in cities

Abstract Aims: How to design spaces in cities can have different effects on citizens. The objectives of this study can be to examine the impact of biophilic urban space on the stress of people.
Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consists of 20 bachelor and master students in the field of architecture and urban planning at Tabriz University of Islamic Arts in the academic year 1400. First, students' health was identified using a call announcement and a demographic questionnaire, and these individuals were quantified for stress with the help of a smart wristband while viewing images of biophilic and non-biophilic urban spaces with the help of virtual reality glasses.
Findings: Analysis of the results shows that the average change in stress of individuals while viewing non-biophilic images was approximately 2/5 units higher than biophilic ones in the second minute. p-Value is significant between individuals with education in biophilic state and rest in 1 minute and non-biophilic in 2 minutes. The difference between stress number in non-biophilic state and biophilic in 2 minutes is significant (p-value = 023/0) and shows the positive effect of biophilic approach on reducing stress that this efficiency can be considered in the design of future urban spaces.
Conclusion: Special attention of urban designers on the structure of spaces and the use of extraction measures from the biophilic model in different scales cause the design or organization of spaces that significantly reduce the stress of people living in cities.

Abstract Background: Today the facade of newly constructed buildings is an important issue in the urban context, particularly the historic context, which determines the presence of building within the urban landscape of a district as the last step of construction operations of each building. Existing criteria and instructions for facade design of new buildings in urban-historic districts have been developed based on a variety of components, e.g. historic patterns and vernacular materials, as a guideline and framework for owners and designers; so that the facades can be appropriate and consistent with the historic context and buildings of the district and also in harmony with each other. Despite the attempts to meet the targets, a broad variety of newly constructed facades can be observed now throughout the historic areas of the city, which may range widely in terms of harmony with each other and consistency with the context.
Aims: Given the issue explained above, this article aims to detect the weaknesses and drawbacks resulted from the failure to meet the objectives of the instructions on façade design of new buildings in the historic area of Tabriz; hence the existing guidelines on façade design in the historic area of Tabriz are analyzed to investigate the dimensions of their feasibility for newly constructed residential buildings. The objective is met through multidimensional attention to the facades of new buildings.
Methods: In this article, the implementation process is thus qualitative and the data is collected through a descriptive-analytical method based on scientific references and field research.
Findings: The investigations on newly constructed residential buildings in the historic area of Tabriz reflect two major types of failure (i.e. theoretical and practical) in regard to the feasibility of façade design instructions.
Conclusion: Therefore, corrective measures and revisions are required theoretically in addition to the actions necessary for implementation of façade design instructions.

Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model related to the direct impact of built environment on the depression of urban residents and its indirect impact through social interactions and the ranking of influential elements.
Methods: A descriptive-analytical approach has been applied in this study and qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to achieve the goal of the study. The study has 3 main parts: In the first part, the concepts of research and the relationship between them have been investigated by searching the sources and and analyzing them to explain the direct and indirect effect of the built environment on depression. In the second part, using experts' questionnaire and Shannon entropy method, the significant coefficient of the elements and their ranking were determined. In the third part, the conceptual model of the study is presented based on the relationships between the concepts of the research.
Findings: Based on Shannon entropy method, Among the influential elements of the environment, green spaces and parks in residential areas have the highest significant coefficient and are ranked first in the impact on the depression of urban residents, followed by public spaces, noise pollution, environmental security and indoor environment quality, air pollution, pedestrian network, visual pollution and public transportation are among the 10 main elements. According to the conceptual model, factors affecting depression include micro scales (individual), meso scale (local community) and macro scale (fundamental) which the elements of the meso-scale environment interact with other micro- and macro-scale factors directly and indirectly affect the residents' depression.
Conclusion: According to the ranking of the influential elements of the environment and the high significant coefficient of green and public spaces, neighborhood green spaces and parks should be given more attention, and with the appropriate design of public spaces and suitable environments for pedestrians, create opportunities for social contact and the gathering of local residents in order to reduce the prevalence of depression in urban areas helped.

Abstract Objectives: Today, the expansion of urbanization is associated with the disappearance of human activities in the space between buildings. The purpose of this research is to understand the dimensions of the connection between buildings and the city and how it is captured by the dispositive, and finally to find a way to emancipate in the form of an immanent connection.
Method: The research is done by a qualitative method. The research paradigm is emancipation, the strategy is discourse analysis and the tactics are data collection, coding, analysis, display, explanation, and profanation.
Result : The findings indicate that the building and the city connection factors are related to each other through a hidden network in the form of three scales: the large scale includes semantic factors, the medium scale social factors, and the small scale include formal and functional-behavioral aspects. Therefore, social institutions on a medium scale, will be captured by the dispositive after constituting as they have a specific form and function, and will lose their relationship with the large scale and exist officially in the form of a formal institution, which ultimately leads increasing control and power, and further disintegration.
Conclusion: To achieve an immanent connection between the building and the city, the official institution should be disabled to reconnect the semantic scale for redefining the social institution. Also, it should be profane from whatever dispositive has been placed on the concept of institution. This is realized by the presence of non-institution in the space between the buildings

Abstract Aims:One of the most important issues and challenges facing developing societies is the physical identity of buildings and urban facades. Cities, under the influence of modernity, have an identity problem, and the concept of urban identity in the process of cognition and perception presents a multi-dimensional and complex phenomenon. The physical identity of cities has become an influential category in city lifeThis article is based on the question that - How can a solution or a guideline be formulated to improve the formal identity and exterior appearance of architecture in the capital and a metropolis like Tehran, which is in line with today's tastes and intellectual level? Methods: The research method in this research is qualitative survey and research of applied type, and to answer the research question, first from the library method to examine the effective factors in the formation of physical identity, then through the questionnaire asked from the experts and professors of architecture. is placed Findings: The statistical population consisted of 273 architecture professors, and finally, among the effective factors with the highest priority among the effective factors in the physical identity of the buildings, the combination of traditional and modern facades, the use of details and decorations in the facades, the use of sustainable materials, the spirit Nowadays, using the past model and paying attention to diversity and avoiding uniformity and homogeneity has had the greatest impact. Conclusion: There are statistically significant differences between different respondents in their attitude towards facade parameters (mass and joint, openings, architectural details and materials). These results show the multiplicity and variety of trends in the practice of architecture for different jobs. It is also clear that the main reason for the significant difference between the averages is related to the fact that the respondents believe that these parameters had a significant impact on the continuity of the architectural identity.

Abstract Statement of Problem: In dealing with the wonders of creation in nature and its elements, the primitive man considers himself insignificant and inferior in front of the world and its vastness. Man considers nature to be alive and imagines a supernatural force for each manifestation of existence. Totems are inanimate. Totemism is related to systems derived from symbols or representations of human affiliations to animals, plants, and fundamental and human belief objects based on totems.
Objectives: Investigating totem and totemism from a psychological point of view and finding a unique method to explore the human mind and the effects left in the design of built spaces.
Research Method: It is based on analytical and descriptive studies and it has been investigated and analyzed by studying library sources and it has been compiled based on mutual relationships and comparison between independent variables and theories and totems in different religions and dependent variables.
Findings: In the knowledge of totem and totemism, understanding many amazing aspects of animals, plants and objects seemed to be impossible for humans and this led to their sanctification; Of course, the holiness that followed fear and respect. Such a view and thought caused the emergence and spread of beliefs such as animism, reincarnation and totemism.
Conclusion: Totemism and belief in totems and taboos was one of the ancient beliefs and a topic related to the history of early humans, which is considered one of the early examples of human religions. The practical consequences of these beliefs in the lives of early humans led to the emergence of rituals and practices in which the importance of animals and plants was emphasized, whose effects on the design of spaces and beliefs of the current generation are clearly evident.