گفتمان طراحی شهری
فصلنامه علمی _ رتبه ب

معرفی سه رویکرد نوین مدیریت رواناب شهری در راستای جایگزینی شیوه‌هایی خلاقانه با هدف حل معضلات مرتبط در فضاهای شهری

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

محمد رضا فرزاد بهتاش 1
فربد ارتفاعی 2

1 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری، رشته شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران

چکیده
بیان مسئله: در قرن حاضر، با گسترش شهرنشینی و توسعه‌های شهری، سطوح نفوذ ناپذیر (آسفالت، بتن) نیز افزایش یافته است و این تغییرات موجب شده تا رواناب‌ها در شهر جاری گردند و متعاقبا مشکلاتی از جمله اختلال در عبور و مرور، آلودگی آب‌های پذیرنده، کاهش سطح آب‌های زیرزمینی و شکل گیری سیلاب‌ها را در پی داشته باشند. روش‌های سنتی نیز امروزه کارایی چندانی ندارند و حتی در برخی موارد موجب تشدید این معضلات می‌گردند. از این رو نیاز به روش‌های نوین و خلاقانه به منظور مدیریت رواناب‌ها بیش از پیش احساس می‌گردد.

یافته‌ها: سه رویکرد «طراحی شهری حساس به آب»، «توسعه کم اثر» و «سیستم‌های زهکشی پایدار شهری» از جمله این روش‌های نوین و کارا در زمینه مدیریت رواناب شهری محسوب می‌گردند که مبتنی بر اصول پایداری شکل گرفته‌اند و علاوه بر مدیریت رواناب‌ها، دارای مزایای چندگانه (حفظ شرایط زیست محیطی و تکمیل چرخه آب شهری) نیز می‌باشند.

روش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف، بنیادی و از منظر روش تحلیل، جزء پژوهش‌های نظری محسوب می‌گردد که در آن با بهره بردن از منابع اینترنتی و اسناد کتابخانه‌ای تلاش بر آن است که مفاهیم، اهداف و مزایای سه رویکرد مذکور شناسایی گردند.

نتیجه‌گیری: نهایتا با استخراج اهداف مشترک، میزان موفقیت در تحقق هر هدف، با استفاده از ماتریس مطلوبیت مشخص شده و با توجه به این موارد علاوه بر تدوین مدل مفهومی مدیریت پایدار رواناب شهری، جدول راهبردهای رسیدن به چنین شیوه‌ای نیز احصا شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

طراحی شهری حساس به آب
توسعه کم اثر
سیستم‌های زهکشی پایدار شهری
مدیریت رواناب شهری

عنوان مقاله English

Introducing Three New Approaches to Urban Runoff Management in Order to Replace Creative Methods with the Goal of Solving Related Problems in Urban Spaces

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Reza Farzad Behtash 1
Farbod Ertefaei 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, Farzad.behtash@gmail.com.
2 PhD Candidate, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, Farbod_fe@yahoo.com.
چکیده English

Introduction: In the present century, with the expansion of urbanization and urban development, impermeable surfaces (asphalt, concrete) have also increased and these changes have caused runoff to flow in the city and consequently problems such as traffic disruption, pollution of receiving waters, Reduce groundwater levels and the formation of floods. Traditional methods are not very effective today and in some cases even exacerbate these problems. Therefore, the need for new and creative methods to manage runoff is felt more than ever.

Findings: Three approaches including: water-sensitive urban design, low impact development and sustainable urban drainage systems are among these new approaches that are based on sustainability principles and have multiple benefits (maintaining environmental conditions and completing the urban water cycle) in addition to runoff management.

Method: In terms of purpose, this research is fundamental and from the point of view of analysis method, it is considered as one of the theoretical researches in which by using internet resources and library documents, an attempt is made to identify the concepts, goals and benefits of these three approaches.

Conclusion: Finally by extracting common goals, the success rate of achieving each goal is determined by using the utility matrix, and in addition to formulating a conceptual model of sustainable runoff management, a table of strategies for achieving this approach has been provided.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

water sensitive urban design
Low Impact development
Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems
Urban Runoff Management
1. Chocat, B., Krebs, P., Marsalek, J., Rauch, W., and Schilling, W., 2001. Urban drainage redefined; from stormwater removal to integrated management. Water Science and Technology, 43 (5), 61–68.
2. Wu, Wu, & Zhang. (2019). Development Trend and Frontier of Stormwater Management (1980–2019): A Bibliometric Overview Based on CiteSpace. Water, 11(9), 1908. doi:10.3390/w11091908.
3. Fletcher, T. D., Shuster, W., Hunt, W. F., Ashley, R., Butler, D., Arthur, S., … Viklander, M. (2014). SUDS, LID, BMPs, WSUD and more – The evolution and application of terminology surrounding urban drainage. Urban Water Journal, 12(7), 525–542. doi:10.1080/1573062x.2014.9163.
4. Wong, T. H. F. (2006). An Overview of Water Sensitive Urban Design Practices in Australia. Water Practice and Technology, 1(1). doi:10.2166/wpt.2006.018.
5. Zhou, Q. (2014). A Review of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Considering the Climate Change and Urbanization Impacts. Water, 6(4), 976–992. doi:10.3390/w6040976.
6. Lerer, S., Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K., & Mikkelsen, P. (2015). A Mapping of Tools for Informing Water Sensitive Urban Design Planning Decisions—Questions, Aspects and Context Sensitivity. Water, 7(12), 993–1012. doi:10.3390/w7030993.
7. SUDS manual., 2016. SUDS in London – a guide. Mayor of London. Transport for London, every journey matters.
8. Hoyer, I., Dickhaut, W., Krona Witter, L., and Weber, B., 2011. Water Sensitive Urban Design principles and Inspiration for Sustainable Stormwater Management in City of the Future. Published by jovis Verlag GmbH, Kurfustenstrae, 15/16, D-10785 Berlin.
9. Azkarini, L., Anggraheni, E., & Sutjiningsih, D. (2019). The influence of low impact development-best management practices implementation on surface runoff reduction: A case study in Universitas Indonesia catchment area. MATEC Web of Conferences, 276, 04007. doi:10.1051/matecconf/201927604007.
10. Melbourne water., 2005. WSUD engineering procedure storm water, Technical Report, Melbourne: Published by CSRID.
11. Argue, J.R., 2004. Water sensitive urban design procedures for source control of stormwater: a handbook for Australian practice. Adelaide, University of South Australia.
12. Morgan, C., Bevington, C., Levin, D., Robbinson, P., Abbott, J., and Simkins, P., (2013). Water Sensitive Urban Design in the UK, Idea for built environment practitioner. Published by CIRA: London.
13. Vernon, B., and Tiwari, R., (2009). Place Making through Water Sensitive Urban Design. Journal of Sustainability, 1, 789-814.
14. BMT WBM., (2009). Evaluating options for water sensitive urban design-a national guide. Prepared by the joint steering committee for water sensitive cities; In deliveriting Clause 92(ii) of the national water initiative, Joint Steering Committee for Water Sensitive Cities (JSCWSC).
15. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research Washington D.C., 2003. The Practice of Low Impact Development. No. H-21314CA.
16. Guillette, A., 2010. Achieving Sustainable Site Design through Low Impact Development Practices.WBDG (Whole Building Design Guide), a program of the national institute of building sciences. http://www.wbdg.org/resources/lidsitedesign.php.
17. Shafique, M., and Kim, R., 2015. Low Impact Development Practices: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions. DOI: 10.1515/eces-2015-0032.
18. Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Agency of Natural Resources. 2013. Low Impact Development (LID) Fact Sheet, Vermont Green Infrastructure Initiative, VT DEC Watershed Management Division, VT 05620-352.
19. The Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC), 2017. Low Impact Development (LID) Stormwater Management Guidance Manual.
20. City of York Council, 2018. Sustainable Drainage Systems Guidance for Developers. England. AECOM Ltd.
21. (D) rain for life, Estonia-Latvia cross-border cooperation programme., 2013. Handbook on sustainable urban drainage systems. Promoting sustainable urban drainage systems in Estonia-Latvia cross-border area to improve the environment for active and sustainable communities, project number EU41702.
22. Graham, A., Day, J., Bray, B., and Mackenzie. S., 2012. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems. Maximising the potential for people and wildlife. A guide for local authorities and developers.
23. Woods-Ballard, B., Kellagher, R., Martin, P., Jefferies, C., Bray, R., and Shaffer, P., 2007. The SUDS Manual. Published by CIRIA. London.
24. Greater Dublin Strategic Drainage Study, 2005. Sustainable Drainage Systems. Regional Drainage Policies-Environmental Management. 3, 132-156.
25. Roy, H. A., Wenger, J.S., Fletcher, T. D., Walsh, J.C., Ladson, A.R., Shuster, W., Thurston, H.W., and Brown, R., 2008. Impediments and Solutions to Sustainable, Watershed-Scale Urban Stormwater Management: Lessons from Australia and the United States. Environmental Management. DOI: 10.1007/s00267-008-9119-1.
26. Walsh, C.J., 2004. Protection of in-stream biota from urban impacts: minimize catchment imperviousness or improve drainage design. Marine and Freshwater Research 55:317-326.
27. WhelanZ, C., Maunsell, H.G., and Thompson, P., 1994. Planning and management guidelines for water sensitive urban (residential) design. Perth, Western Australia: Department of Planning and Urban Development of Western Australia.
28. Lioyd, S.D., Wong, T.H.F., and Chesterfield, J., 2002. Water sensitive urban design, a stormwater management perspective. Cooperative Research Center for Catchment Hydrology: Melbourne, Australia.
29. Rodriguez, M. I., Cuevas, M. M., Martinez, G., and Moreno, B., 2014. Planning criteria for Water Sensitive Urban Design. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 191.
30. Baek, S. S., et al., 2015. Optimizing low impact development (LID) for stormwater runoff treatment in urban area, Korea: Experimental and modeling approach, Water Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.08.038.
31. Swan, A. D., 2002. A Decision-Support System for the Design of Retrofit Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering. Department of Civil and Structural Engineering. The University of Sheffield.
گفتمان طراحی شهری
دوره 2، شماره 3
زمستان 1400
صفحه 43-57

صفحه اصلی

راهنمای نویسندگان

ارسال مقاله

داوران

تماس با ما