تبیین رابطه بین محیط انسان‌ساخت، تعاملات اجتماعی و افسردگی در محله مسکونی: ارائه مدل مفهومی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، گروه طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده
اهداف: هدف اصلی پژوهش، تبیین ارتباط مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بین محیط انسان‌ساخت، افسردگی و تعاملات اجتماعی در قالب مدل مفهومی و ارائه و اولویت‌بندی مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار در این رابطه می‌باشد.

روش‌ها: این پژوهش جزء پژوهش‌های توصیفی-تحلیلی می‌باشد و از راهبردهای کیفی و کمی برای دستیابی به هدف پژوهش استفاده شده است. پژوهش دارای 3 بخش اصلی است: در بخش اول، به روش اسنادی، با جست‌وجو در منابع و تحلیل آنها، تأثیر مستقیم و غیرمستقیم محیط انسان‌ساخت بر افسردگی و مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار محیط تبیین گردیده است. در بخش دوم به‌منظور تعیین ضریب اهمیت مؤلفه‌ها، از پرسشنامه متخصصان و روش آنتروپی شانون استفاده شده است. در این راستا در پرسشنامه‌ای از افراد متخصص خواسته شد تا ضریب اهمیت هر یک از مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار محیط بر افسردگی را مشخص نمایند. سپس بر اساس داده‌های به‌دست آمده بر اساس نظر متخصصان، وزن مؤلفه‌ها و رتبه آن‌ها به‌دست آمده است. درنهایت در بخش سوم مدل مفهومی پژوهش ارائه شده است.

یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از روش آنتروپی شانون نشان می‌دهد که از میان مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار محیط، فضاهای سبز و پارک‌ها در محلات مسکونی بیشترین وزن (ضریب اهمیت) را داشته و در رتبه نخست تأثیر بر افسردگی ساکنان محلات شهری قرار می‌گیرد و پس از آن فضاهای همگانی، آلودگی صوتی، امنیت محیطی، کیفیت محیط داخلی، آلودگی هوا و شبکه پیاده حائز اهمیت می‌باشند. بر اساس مدل مفهومی پژوهش، عوامل تأثیرگذار بر افسردگی شامل سه مقیاس خرد (فردی)، مقیاس میانی (جامعه محلی) و مقیاس کلان (بنیادین) می‌باشند که مؤلفه‌های محیط در مقیاس میانی در تعامل با دیگر عوامل مقیاس خرد و کلان، به‌صورت مستقیم و غیرمستقیم بر افسردگی ساکنان تأثیرگذارند.

نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به رتبه‌بندی مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار محیط و ضریب اهمیت بالای فضاهای سبز و همگانی، درنظر گرفتن فضاهای طبیعی محلی و پارک‌ها باید بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گیرد و با طراحی مناسب فضاهای همگانی در محله و محیط‌های مناسب برای حرکت عابر پیاده به دور از آلودگی‌های محیطی و جرائم، فرصت‌هایی برای گرد هم آمدن ساکنان محلی ایجاد نمود و انواع فعالیت‌های اجتماعی را در محله امکان‌پذیر ساخت تا از این طریق به کاهش شیوع افسردگی و بهبود سلامت روانی ساکنان محلات شهری کمک نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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