تبیین الگوهای کالبدی فرم معماری بهینه با رویکرد تامین شرایط آسایشی در فضاهای باز مجموعه‌های مسکونی (نمونه مطالعاتی: شهر تهران)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسامی، شهرکرد، ایران.

2 . استاد، گروه معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

3 استادیار گروه معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسامی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
مسئله تحقیق:مسئله­ آسایش حرارتی کاربران در فضاهای باز موردتوجه معماران و طراحان فضاهای مسکونی بوده است. در معماری سنتی ایران با توجه به آب‌وهوای هر منطقه فرم، جایگیری فضاها و طراحی فضاهای باز با توجه به اقلیم هر منطقه شکل‌گرفته است که این تدابیر طراحی امکان تامین شرایط آسایشی مطلوب را می­ داده است. عملکرد بهتر این چیدمان در ارائه آسایش حرارتی در فضای باز را می‌توان به توزیع بلوک‌های ساختمانی نسبت داد که از ایجاد فضاهای باز بدون سایه بزرگ در داخل سایت جلوگیری می­کند. سایه‌ای که توسط بلوک‌های ساختمانی ایجاد می‌شود از افزایش بیش‌ازحد دما در ساعات بعدازظهر تابستان جلوگیری می­نماید.

هدف: هدف این پژوهش یافتن مؤلفه ­های طراحی فضاهای باز مجتمع­های مسکونی مؤثر در تأمین آسایش حرارتی ساکنین شده است.

روش پژوهش: روش تحقیق در این پژوهش شبیه سازی نرم افزاری و میدانی است که خروجی های نرم افزاری برای اعتبارسنجی با استفاده از دادهه ای میدانی حاصل از اندازه گیری محیطی کنترل شده اند. بدین منظور با استفاده از مطالعه متون علمی مؤلفه­های فرم شهری تأثیرگذار بر آسایش حرارتی فضاهای باز شهری در سلسله مراتبی از بافت تا بنا استخراج‌شده سپس برای شبیه‌سازی و تحلیل عوامل طراحی از نرم­افزار ENVI-met بهره گرفته و هر یک از بلوک­های مسکونی با ارتفاع مشخص در نرم­افزار شبیه‌سازی‌شده است.

نتیجه: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بلوک های شهری منفرد مکعبی شکل آسایش حرارت بهتری را در فضای باز ارائه می‌کنند. عملکرد بهتر این چیدمان در ارائه آسایش حرارتی در فضای باز را می‌توان به توزیع بلوک‌های ساختمانی نسبت داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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