فصلنامه علمی _ رتبه ب

تدوین شاخص های بازطراحی جداره محورهای تاریخی از منظر رخداد معنا و بازآفرینی تصویر ذهنی شهروندان: مرور سیستماتیک

نوع مقاله : مروری سیستماتیک

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد طراحی شهری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی،دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده
بیان­ مسئله: مطالعه­ ی جداره محورهای تاریخی موضوع ضروری برای ارزش­گذاری و حفظ هویت فرهنگی انسان­ها در ساختار شهر تلقی می­شود و به نوعی میراث ذهنی و معنایی یک جامعه است. در حالی که اکثر مطالعات بر روی کالبد جداره های شهری تمرکز دارد، پژوهش­های محدودی برای تجزیه و تحلیل جداره محورهای تاریخی بر اساس ابعاد ذهنی و معنا انجام گرفته است و ریشه اصلی شکاف تحقیقاتی در این حوزه تلقی می­شود.

اهداف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی شاخص­های موثر در بازطراحی جداره محورهای تاریخی بر اساس ابعاد کالبدی رخداد معنایی و تصویر ذهنی شهروندان تلقی می­شود. همچنین ترکیب کمی-کیفی پژوهش­ها و مطالعات صورت گرفته در این حوزه در جهت اعتبارسنجی شاخص­ها از اهداف دیگر پژوهش است.

روش ها: به منظور رسیدن به هدف از روش مرور سیستماتیک بهره گرفته شده است و مقالات علمی-پژوهشی فارسی و انگلیسی جامعه آماری پژوهش را تشکیل داده است. بررسی تعامل و ارتباط میان پژوهش­ها انجام شده با استفاده از ابزار مروری دارای جایگاه عمیقی می­باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش در حدود 73 مقاله است که مبتنی برکلیدواژه­های (تصویرذهنی، معنا، جداره محورهای تاریخی) می­باشد. برخی مقالات در روند غربالگری مبتنی بر چک لیست پریزما از فرآیند پژوهش کنار گذاشته شده است. در نهایت 57 مقاله جامعه آماری نهایی پژوهش را تشکیل داده است. در این راستا از پایگاه­های اطلاعاتی فارسی (ایران داک، سیویلیکا، علم نت، مگیران) و در حوزه مقالات انگلیسی زبان از پایگاه­های (اسکوپوس، الزویر) و موتور جستجوی علمی گوگل اسکالر استفاده شده است.

یافته ها: خروجی مطالعات نشان دهنده آن است که پراکندگی جغرافیایی و ویژگی های زمینه­ای محیط، تاثیر مستقیم بر درک معنای محیطی در جداره های شهری دارد و شاخص­ها از این موضوع نیز تبعیت می­کنند. ساختارهای درونی جامعه، فرهنگ و ابعاد فردی نیز فراوانی بسیاری در ادبیات مروی جهان دارد. همچنین در بعد کمی پژوهش کمبود استفاده از نظریات پایه و ارتباط سازی میان شاخص­ها از ضعف­های اصلی در پژوهش­های انجام شده تلقی می­شود. بر این اساس اجزا و کیفیت­های جداره های شهری و ارتباط میان آن­ها با نظریات پایه از طریق ابزارهای تحلیلی و ماتریس جمع آوری شده است. شاخص­هایی از قبیل حفظ وابستگی­ های فردی و اجتماعی به محیط، درگیری حواس پنچگانه، وجود حجم بر مبنای شکل حاصل از معنای شکل گرفته از اذهان عمومی مردم، نیز بیشترین فراوانی و تاثیرگذاری را بر روی احیای جداره محورهای تاریخی از منظر ابعاد ذهنی و معنایی دارد.

نتیجه گیری: نتایج بیان­گر ارتباط عمیق میان ذهن و ابعاد معنایی در جداره های تاریخی است. محورهای تاریخی به دلیل وجود میراث عمومی و ارزش­های فرهنگی-تاریخی، هویت منحصر به فرد و کاراکترهای مستقل شخصیتی دارند که می­تواند ذهن را برای درک معنای ملموس درونی آن تحریک کند و شاخص­های استنباط شده سبب تزریق معنا در بطن جداره­های تاریخی می­شود. این شاخص ها می­تواند عصب­های ذهنی و شناختی را در جهت ماندگاری تصویر ذهنی تقویت کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Compilation of Indicators for Redesigning the Facade of Historical Axes from the Perspective of the Occurrence of Meaning and Recreating the Mental Image of Citizens: a Systematic Review

نویسندگان English

Mana Vahidbafandeh 1
Javad Imani Shamloo 2
1 Master student of Urban design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Description: The study of historical axes is considered as a necessary subject for valuing and preserving the cultural identity of people in the structure of the city and it is a kind of mental and meaningful heritage of a society. While most studies focus on the body of urban facade, there are limited studies to analyze urban facade based on subjective dimensions and meaning.



Objective: The main goal of this research is to identify the effective indicators in the redesign of the facade of historical axes based on the semantic dimensions and the mental image of the citizens. The qualitative-quantitative combination of research and research conducted in this field to validate the indicators is considered another goal of the research.



Methods: In order to achieve the goal, a systematic review method has been used, and Farsi and English scientific-research articles have formed the statistical population of the research, and examining the interaction between research conducted using the tool of the review method is considered an important tool. The statistical population of the research is about 73 articles, which are based on keywords (mental image, meaning, and historical axes). Some articles were excluded from the research process in the screening process based on the PRISMA checklist, and finally, 57 articles formed the final statistical population of the research, and in this regard, Persian databases (Irandoc, Civilica, Elmnet, and Magiran) and in the field of English-language articles, databases (Scopus, Elsevier) have been used.



Findings: The findings show that the geographical distribution and the contextual characteristics of the environment have a direct impact on the understanding of the environmental meaning in urban facade and the indicators follow this issue. The internal structures of society, culture and individual dimensions are also abundant in the literature of the world, and in the quantitative dimension of research, the lack of use of basic theories and communication between components is considered one of the weaknesses of the researches. Based on this, the components and qualities of urban facade and the relationship between them and the basic theories have been collected through analytical tools and matrices, which include indicators such as maintaining the individual and social dependencies of the environment, the involvement of the five senses, and the existence of volume based on shape.



Conclusion: The result expresses the deep connection between the mind and the semantic dimensions in the historical facade. Due to the existence of cultural and historical heritage, historical axes have independent identities and characters that can stimulate the mind to understand their inner concrete meaning.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Historical axis facade
meaning
Imagery
Systematic Review
[1] F. J. Mohammadreza Pourjafar, "A Query in Determining the Urban Design Criteria in Order to the Culture of the Turkmen People," Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development journal, vol. 4, 2016.
[2] R. GhadaFarouk Hassan, "Regenerative urban heritage model: Scoping review of paradigms’ progression," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2022.
[3] A. E. F. G. Majid Alishah, "THE ROLE OF BUILDINGS FACADES OF ON URBAN LANDSCAPE," The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 2016.
[4] S. A. J. JuanSerra, "Analysis of facade solutions as an alternative to demolition for architectures with visual impact in historical urban scenes," Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2021.
[5] C. CoskunAydin, "Designing building façades for the urban rebuilt environment with integration of digital close-range photogrammetry and geographical information systems," Automation in Construction, 2014.
[6] C. F. A. D Nurgandarum, "Legibility of Building Facades and Imageability of Historical City Center, Case Study: Bukittinggi City Center," IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020.
[7] L. M. a. P. Hanuliak, "Microclimatic Effects of Green Facades in Urban Environment," Key Engineering Materials: Theoretical and Experimental Research, 2014.
[8] E. C. A. Justin B. Hollander, "The impact of urban façade quality on affective feelings," Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020.
[9] L. P. T. F. L. ZhuqiangLi, "A hierarchical methodology for urban facade parsing from TLS point clouds," ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2017.
[10] S. R. Nicky van Es, "Making sense of capital crime cities: Getting underneath the urban facade on crime-detective fiction tours," European Journal of Cultural Studies, 2016.
[11] I. J. J. J.Esclapés, "A method to evaluate the adaptability of photovoltaic energy on urban façades," Solar Energy, 2014.
[12] S. E. Zhuoya Shi, "Towards Point Cloud and Model-Based Urban Façade Inspection: Challenges in the Urban Façade Inspection Process," Construction Research Congress, 2020.
[13] J. Pakzad, "Phenomenology of the facade of residential buildings and the evolution of expectations from it," University of Tehran University College of Fine Arts, 2003.
[14] J. K. Grutter, "A sthetik der Architektur : Grundlagen der Architektur-Wahrnehmung," the University of Michigan, 1985.
[15] N. H. A. Fauziah HanumAbdullah, "Defining Issue of Thermal Comfort Control through Urban Mosque Façade Design," Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2016.
[16] F. M. M.-T. H. D. S. Britta Jänicke, "Evaluating the Effects of Façade Greening on Human Bioclimate in a Complex Urban Environment," Advances in Urban Biometeorology, 2014.
[17] T. O. T. H. Steven Tiesdell, Revitalizing Historic Urban Quarters, California: Architectural Press, 2007.
[18] C. Norberg-Schulz, Architecture: Presence, Language and Place, Michigan: the University of Michigan, 2000.
[19] Y. L. J. DegenWang, "Tourism spatial organization of historical streets – A postmodern perspective: The examples of Pingjiang Road and Shantang Street, Suzhou, China," Tourism Management, vol. 375, p. 11, 2015.
[20] R. B. LeminZhang, "The impact of the built-up environment of streets on pedestrian activities in the historical area," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 60, p. 290, 2021.
[21] MücahitYıldırım, "Shading in the outdoor environments of climate-friendly hot and dry historical streets: The passageways of Sanliurfa, Turkey," Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol. 80, 2020.
[22] M. M. Mana Vahidbafandeh, "Comparative comparison of the squares of Italian and Iranian cities as spatial-physical embodiment of political-social-religious structures," Journal of space and place research, vol. 3, 2022.
[23] V. K. R. R. Thomas C.Hassett, "Rhesus monkeys manipulate mental images," Cognition, 2022.
[24] T. A. E. A. AlionaPetrova, "The Influence of Using Different Mental Images as BCI Commands on the Quality of Control," Procedia Computer Science, 2020.
[25] C. Norberg-Schulz, Architecture: Meaning and Place : Selected Essays, Michigan: Rizzoli International Publications, 2003.
[26] D. E. Kanter, "Design, make, play: Growing the next generation of science innovators," Routledge, 2013.
[27] K. Lynch, The Image of the City, United States: The MIT Press, 1970.
[28] D. SaraFernandez-Cabello, "Associations between brain imaging and polygenic scores of mental health and educational attainment in children aged 9–11," NeuroImage, 2022.
[29] A. Rapoport, Culture, Architecture, and Design, Cornell University: Locke Science Publishing Company, 2005.
[30] J. I. S. Mana Vahidbafandeh, "The application of Meta-analysis technique in identifying effective dimensions and criteria in the design of facades of historical axes with emphasis on the mental image of citizens," Urban Structure and Function Studies, 2022.
[31] G.-Y. C. A. T. Jesse L.Breedlove, "Generative Feedback Explains Distinct Brain Activity Codes for Seen and Mental Images," Current Biology, 2022.
[32] L. V. P. MRDe Rozario, "Mental images of suicide: Theoretical framework and preliminary findings in depressed youth attending outpatient care," Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 2021.
[33] K. A. Lynch, A Theory of Good City Form, United States: The MIT Press, 1981.
[34] C. Norberg-Schulz, Meaning in Western Architecture, University of Minnesota, 1980.
[35] D. Appleyard, Livable Streets, United States: Routledge,, 1983.
[36] J. L. Nasar, The evaluative image of the city, SAGE Publications, 1998.
[37] P. E. D. E. S. F. N. Mohammad Kazem Namazi, "The Study of Effective Components in Façade Engineering," Journal of Applied Environmental, 2016.
[38] P. G. S. Gopalakrishnan, "Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis: Understanding the Best Evidence in Primary Healthcare," J Family Med Prim Care, 2013.
[39] A. T. M. Julian H.Elliott, "Living systematic review: 1. Introduction—the why, what, when, and how," Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2017.
[40] H. L.S.Wieland, "Evidence on yoga for health: A bibliometric analysis of systematic reviews," Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2021.
[41] M. AlexandriaBrackettMA, "Ensuring rigor in systematic reviews: Part 7, critical appraisal of systematic review quality," Heart & Lung, 2022.
[42] D. KChuMD, "Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis," The Lancet, 2020.
[43] Mattow, "The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews," Research Methods & Reporting, 2021.
[44] "The PRISMA2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews," 2022.