واکاوی اثربخشی قوانین سامان‌دهی سیما و منظر شهری بر انسجام‌ نماهای شهری (از سال 1347 تا سال 1400)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر، معماری و شهرسازی، واحد کرمان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه پژوهش هنر، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
بیان مسئله: انسجام نماهای شهری نقشی بی‌بدیل در سامان سیما و منظر شهری دارد. نماها خود ابعاد و اجزای متشکله متفاوتی دارند. کیفیت ساختاری و نحوه چینش این ابعاد و اجزا، چه در یک نمای واحد، چه در نحوه استقرار نماهای مجاور و چه در زمینه گسترده‌تری چون نماهای یک شهر نیاز به انسجام دارد. لازمه ایجاد این انسجام، وجود اصول و قوانینی است؛ اثربخشی مقررات در این زمینه مسئله تحقیق می‌باشد.

اهداف: سنجش کارایی ضوابط و مقررات نماسازی مدون توسط شهرداری‌ها و دیگر دستگاه‌های ذی‌ربط در بازه زمانی سال‌های 1347 تا 1400 در ایجاد و حفظ انسجام در نماهای شهری و اجزای آن است.

روش‌ها: نوع تحقیق کیفی و روش آن اکتشافی-تبیینی با نگرشی انتقادی است. ابتدا کاراترین «عوامل انسجام بخش نماهای شهری» تعیین گردید. تحلیل «قوانین نماسازی» در بازه زمانی ذکرشده، صورت پذیرفت. سپس هر یک از «مفاد مصوبات» با تک‌تک «مؤلفه‌های انسجام» با روش فوق تحلیل گردید.

یافته‌ها: اثربخش‌ترین و جامع‌ترین قانون، مصوبه بهار 1393 طراحی نما در تهران می‌باشد. در زیر معیارهای انسجام بخش، جذابیت بصری و سپس ارتباطات محتوایی، ویژگی مصالح و معنا بیشتر متأثر از قوانین بودند. کمترین توجه نیز در مورد تناسب نما با زمینه، خوانائی، خطوط پیکره و تناسب عرض قطعات بود.

نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجه بیانگر روند رو به رشد و در راستای حرکت به شمولیت هر چه فراتر و صراحت و شفافیت بیشتر قوانین نماسازی در انسجام‌بخشی نماهای شهری است؛ هرچند هنوز جای کار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Effectiveness of Urban View and Landscape Regulations on the Integrity of Urban Facades (the 1968–2021 period)

نویسنده English

Azhang Baghaei 1
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art, Architecture and Urbanism, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Art research, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Description: Integrity of urban facades greatly influences the order of urban view and landscape. Facades themselves have various components and aspects. The structural quality and layout of said aspects and components requires integrity, whether in a single façade, in conjunction with neighboring facades or in the total urban scale. This integrity requires regulations and principles the effectiveness of which is the focus of this study.

Objective: Evaluating the effectiveness of façade construction regulations enforced by municipalities and other competent authorities in the 1968-2021 period, concerning the integrity of urban facades and their components.

Method: This is a qualitative study with an exploratory-descriptive approach and a critical attitude. Initially the most effective urban façade integrity parameters were determined. Next, the façade construction regulations of the research period were analyzed. After that, every provision of the regulations was analyzed in comparison versus each integrity parameter.

Findings: The most effective and comprehensive set of regulations was the spring 2014 Façade Design regulations in Tehran. Among the integrity parameters, visual appeal and after that, content communications, materials and meaning were most affected by regulations. On the other hand, the least affected parameters were the harmony between façade and context, body silhouettes, and the transverse proportions of pieces.

Conclusion: The façade construction regulations are increasingly inclusive and expressive toward the integrity of urban facades; however, they still require further additions and improvements.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

urban façade
Integrity of urban facades
Urban view and landscape regulations
Transformation of facade regulations
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