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The purpose of the present study was to examine the interrelationships between the perception of social and teaching presences and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, persistence, intrinsic motivation, and negative emotions of Iraqi EFL learners in online courses. To this end, 200 intermediate Iraqi university students studying English were recruited to participate in the study. Then they were asked to complete self-report questionnaires on their perception of social and teaching presence, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, intention to persist, intrinsic motivation, and negative emotions. SEM analysis showed that the students’ perceptions of social and teaching presence had a positive relation with their satisfaction of basic psychological needs, persistence, and intrinsic motivation. The results, however, showed that there was a negative relationship between the students’ perceptions of social and teaching presences and boredom, anxiety, and shame.  The results imply that providing opportunities for students to interact effectively with their instructors and peers in online classes in a socially supportive environment can lead to positive outcomes. The implications of the study are discussed, and suggestions for further research are proposed.

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Although faculty members’ job satisfaction has received remarkable attention over the last two decades, there has been a long-lasting lack of a questionnaire to measure it in the Iranian context. Thus, the present study purported to develop and validate a questionnaire with adequate psychometric properties to measure Iranian English faculty members’ job satisfaction. To this aim, two samples of faculty members for the first pilot study (n = 62) and the second pilot study (n = 254) were selected from Ayatollah Borujerdi University and Lorestan University through a random sampling method. Based on the past literature, a pool of items (n = 74) was extracted and subjected to an eleven-step systematic procedure: content analysis and sampling; creating an item bank; running the first pilot; creating item pool one; expert judgment to evaluate the sub-scales; running an interview and think-aloud protocol; running Cronbach’s alpha; running the second pilot; running exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha; creating item pool two; and expert review. Results yielded a 60-item questionnaire with 6 sub-scales: 1. payment and rewards (10 items); promotion (7 items); supervision and interaction (17 items); job security (7 items); facilities of universities (7 items); and work nature (10 items). The hope is that the present questionnaire can be used for research and educational purposes in the future.

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Aims: Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction (PS) is one of the most essential factors in improving the quality of healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to determine the norms and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Najmiyeh Outpatients Satisfaction Questionnaire (NOSQ). Methods and Materials: This study has been conducted on 240 outpatients in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital (Tehran-Iran) in 2011. They were selected using the proportional simple random sampling method. Following the confirmation of the content validity, we considered the construct validity and reliability applying Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Cronbach's Alpha. Also, SPSS and AMOS version 18 were used for data analysis. Findings: The sample population consisted of 240 subjects, including 132 females (55.1%) and 108 males (44.9%). The EFA reported three important factors in this regard, with a variance of 54% and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.82, all approved by the CFA (RMSEA= 0.04, CFI= 0.96). The outpatients' satisfaction factors were: “hospital information system, treatment and conditions”. The reliability of the questionnaire was reported at %71 based on the Cronbach's alpha. Conclusions: Both validity and the reliability indexes of the NOSQ have been reported at a desirable level; therefore it can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure the outpatients' satisfaction.

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The identity of a society is a tool for distinguishing different nations from each other based on a common concept or predetermined concepts. The strong sense of identity can be considered as a social capital. In addition, social capital and social identity are the result of tangible social relationships, which are understandable by the society. They Also have strong affects on each other. With respect to this relationship, this paper verifies the relationship between identity and social capital. The data were gathered from the world values data of 70 countries according to the definitions of the variables. The results by logistic regression showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social identity and social capital.

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Aim: Patients' satisfaction (PS) is a dominant concept in medical care, due to the gap in the literature on Persian version of PS instruments, this study has conducted with aim to analyze the validity and reliability of self-designed Najmiyeh Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (NISQ). Methods: This study was carried out on 247 inpatients that came in Najmiyeh subspecialty hospital in Tehran (the capital city of Iran) during year 2011 who were selected by proportional stratified sampling method. Statistical analysis used: In this study, after checking content validity we used confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis and Cronbach's Alpha in order to examine construct validity and reliability, respectively. SPSS (version18) and AMOS (version 20) programmer were used to analyze data. Findings: Samples consisted of 247 subjects (222 women (90%) and 25 men (10%)). The explanatory factor analysis showed 5 factors with 64% total variance and 0.91 Kaser-Meyer-Olkin Index, the result also confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (PNFI=0.71, RMR=0.03, PCFI=0.76). Extracted factors consisted of: “satisfaction from nursing services and their behaviour”, “satisfaction from one’s doctor”, “satisfaction from inpatient department”, “companions’ satisfaction”, “satisfaction from one’s room”. Also the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.96 using the Cronbach's Alpha method. Conclusions: Because validity and reliability indexes of NISQ were reported in suitable range, we can confirm that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for measuring inpatient satisfaction.

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The mainly key to succeed in knowledge-based economy where competitive advantage makes the distinction is human capital. In managing the worthy capital, job satisfaction plays the important role. This prompted the researchers for measuring and improving these aspects of organizational behavior in Kalle Company. The purposes of this study aer distinguishing effective factors and their levels and quantity on job satisfaction of the selling staff of Kalle ice-cream factory. In other words, this research is to distinguish effective factors on job satisfaction of the selling stuffs of Kalle firm in the two groups of selling - marketing staff and other staff including financial, organizational and supporting staff. Importance, and influence intensity of groups will be determined and compared. Also the most important effective factors on job satisfaction of staff will be ranked according to their priority. A combined model of various aspects is provided and used according to the scientists’ opinion on behavioral field and job satisfaction. This research is a kind of descriptive stay according to data collection and objectives. The findings of this study on six effective indexes effecting on job satisfaction and marketing indicate that the three indexes of salary and wages, promotion rules and welfare facilities are in partly infavorable status, but the indexes of job nature, supervising and relationship with cooperatives are in partly favorable status. Comparison of selling and marketing staff with other staff indicates no significant differences in the studied variables of two the groups. Keywords: Knowledge worker, Human capital, Job satisfaction, Nature of job.

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Aim: Education is a service, which is influenced by the provider. Nowadays, there are a lot of challenges in health care systems, which requires a proper preparation to meet them. Medical interns are one of the future components of health care system, who should be prepared very well to meet these challenges. We preformed this survey to assess the medical interns’ satisfaction in Shahid Beheshti university of Medical Sciences (SBMU) by “SERVQUAL”. Methods: Medical interns of (SBMU), who have spent at least 6 months in their internship, were included in this research. They were 141 medical interns out of all (201). Finding: This survey showed that all of SURVQUAL dimensions had gaps. Medical interns of SBMU were not satisfied with their internship. There was also no relationship between interns’ dissatisfaction and their applied-year and gender. Conclusion: The internship bylaws should be reviewed, and medical interns should have more attention from dean of medicine school, head departments, and hospital administrators.

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Traditional architecture were both more efficient and obviated in contrast with the modern architecture for the citizenry who lives in the old neighbourhood because of their design, social structure and other factors. On the other hand, the environment, life style, social concept, establish citizenry belonging to the special neighbourhood, Having belonging to the special place or environment gives citizenry calmness and it will begin during their staying and will get deeper by the time. So, the aim of this research is consendring the effects of belonging in the Dezfoul's old neighbourhoods base on physical and social dimensions(case study: Qaleh  and Rudband neighbourhood) . The research method is descriptive, fundamental research and applied type,first of all, manager's opinions about the effects of belonging were collected during an interview. The factors which have effects on the belonging were recognized and coded base on QDA software, in the following, by using of PLS software and factor analysis method, the similarity of belonging were check base on the information were collected from Two old neighbourhood. Finally, the question was rejected base on the reuths show that effects of factors (natural and physical factors, organization, mental and social factors) are different in citizenries belonging in these two neighbourhood.

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The purpose is examining factors that promote satisfaction for student in the school. This research is fundamental both quantitative and qualitative in nature. In this study, two methods have been used: a) Survey research methods (survey) b) Correlation method. For a multistage cluster sampling method was used. In order to assess the individual's perspective, creating table of contents based on studies and interviews with architects and experts, will be discussed. According to this table question naive was designed and distributed among the population. After classifying data using the software SPSS, the analysis is discussed. Five factors were extracted on patient satisfaction. These factors include: physical comfort, perceived environmental, psychological security, environmental attractiveness, sense of belonging. Operating resultant T-test analysis was located. Finally, it was found that 95% of the sample mean is greater than from average. At least 70% percent of the population had an agreement with the agent.

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Psychological capital is one of the new concepts in recent years that consider the capabilities and positive qualities in people and importance of a positive work environment; and try with the theoretical and practical approach and positive elements help to employees' life and work. Due to the developing the approach of psycap in the organizations, this paper has studied and identified the role of psycap on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Iranian public organization. Due to the developing the approach of psycap in the organizations, this paper has studied and identified the role of psycap on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Iranian public organization. So, first the researcher reviewed the research literature, then with the use of descriptive-survey method, statistical sample of the population that were employees of public organizations in Tehran province were selected and the research hypothesis were tested by using structural equations and regressions. The finds of research shows that psycap has significant positive relation with the organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The result show resiliency has the highest rank, and optimism lowest rank. At last, psycap has the moderating role between organizational climate and organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Key words: Psychological capital, organizational climate, job satisfaction and organizational commitments

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Generally, the main objective of managers is improving organizational outcomes. Review the history of organization and management shows that to accomplish of this, were provided many different ways. One of the new ways is Psychological capital. Psycap is one of the new concepts in recent years, and it has entered in the field of management since new centuryPsychological capital is one of the new concepts in recent years that consider the capabilities and positive qualities in people and importance of a positive work environment; and try with the theoretical and practical approach and positive elements help to employees' life and work. Due to the developing the approach of psycap in the organizations, this paper has studied and identified the role of psycap on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Iranian public organization. So, first the researcher reviewed the research literature, then with the use of descriptive-survey method, statistical sample of the population that were employees of public organizations in Tehran province were selected and the research hypothesis were tested by using structural equations and regressions. The finds of research shows that psycap has significant positive relation with the organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The result show resiliency has the highest rank, and optimism lowest rank. At last, psycap has the moderating role between organizational climate and organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

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The aim of this research is to identify and rank the effective factors of employee transfer in BIPC Basparan petrochemical company through 1388-1390. Identifying and ranking the factors of the employees transfer in production units such as BIPC Basparan petrochemical company can be regarded as an effective step in reducing the turnover of skillful and elite employees. The research has applied and holistic approach and the research population include all employees of Basparan petrochemical company. In order to gather the criteria and indicators, two questionnaires have been used in two stages. At the first step, the reasons behind the employees transfer were identified by library and internet-based research, in addition to interviewing with the experts. At the second step, the questionnaire number 2 was exploited in order to make pair comparisons and eventually prioritizing the key factors affecting the employee transfer. After pair comparisons between standards, the importance levels of factors were identified. According to the results, the level of job satisfaction ranks first, followed by organizational commitment, empowerment, organization structure, organizational leadership, absence and lack of punctuality.    

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Given the importance of loyalty, this study seeks to test and investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of relationship between factors that influence the e-loyalty in Saman Bank. In this regard, Relationship Marketing Strategy is the independent variable, e-satisfaction and e-trust are the moderating variables and e-loyalty is the dependent variable in the research model. The research population is a group of customers in Tehran who used the internet services of Saman Bank. Two underlying foundations of Relationship Marketing, mutual obligation and communication, significantly affect e-trust and conflict management foundations and competency are highly effective one-satisfaction. However; no meaningful relationship was found between conflict management and e-trust.      

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Aim: Happiness is a very important issue in the life of every human, which is influenced by many closely-related variables. The purpose of the present study is to explore the relationship of quality of life, emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among the students of Zahedan University, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 204 students (101 males & 103 females) by using census method. Research tools were quality of life, emotional intelligence and life satisfaction scales. These are valid and reliable scales for use in psychological studies. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and T-tests in SPSS software. Findings: The research findings showed that emotional intelligence had a significant positive correlation with quality of life (r=.454, p<.001) but emotional intelligence was not associated with life satisfaction. Also quality of life had a significant correlation with life satisfaction (r=.402, p<.001). The results of t-test revealed that female students showed higher mean scores in quality of life and life satisfaction in comparison to their male student counterparts; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups in emotional intelligence scores. Conclusion: The results indicated that the higher scores of students’ emotional intelligence show the better quality of life they will have. Also quality of life is a variable that increasing students’ satisfaction of life. In order to raise the level of mental health, it is necessary to pay attention to the mentioned variables and educating people.

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Problem statement: Due to the increase in population and lack of land to provide services to city dwellers, high-rise architecture became popular, but most of these high-rise buildings were built without regard to citizens' perceptions, which created problems in this regard.
Aim: The purpose of this study is assess the impact of tall buildings on residents' perceptions in the central context Tabriz from a physical-semantic perspective.                                                                   Methods: The present study is descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population included the population of the central part of Tabriz equal to 29384 people and the sample size was obtained through Cochran's formula equal to 379 people. Structural equation method through Smart PLS and Amos software was used to analyze the data.                                                                                                                                                 Results: The results showed that among the components of the impact of tall buildings on the perception of residents of the central part of Tabriz, the component of desirability of using high-rise buildings for residential use with a factor load of 0.951 has the greatest impact on residents' perception (physical-semantic) It has the central texture Tabriz and its lowest is related to the component of feeling happy in the face of high-rise buildings with a factor load of 0.615.                                                                                                Conclusion: The design of tall buildings should be designed with full knowledge of the needs and desires of the residents of the central part Tabriz, because they are real consumers and their understanding of their living environment and facilities provided a very important role in their satisfaction and comfort. It has a living environment.
 

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Statement Problem: To achieve sustainable development of urban areas, one of the key aspects is the possibility of monitoring the quality of life in all its dimensions, namely social, economic and environmental dimensions, which requires the implementation of tools that can identify the main dimensions of human satisfaction.             
Aim: The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the well-being and quality of life of people in the city of Tabriz based on the basic components with reference to the theory of "age" capabilities.
Methods: Descriptive analysis was performed using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the population of Tabriz, whose sample size was 382 based on the Cochran's formula. For data analysis, structural equations were used by exploratory method and second-order factor analysis using Amos and Spss software.                                                                              
   Results: The results showed that the main determinants of mental well-being in the field of personal perceptions, economic conditions, security, environmental quality and educational opportunities. Welfare conditions in regions 7, 9 and 6 are very low, while in contrast, 2, 1 and 5 showed the highest levels of welfare among the regions of Tabriz. By focusing on area 7, it can be seen. This area shows the lowest values ​​for the three main dimensions of the four main dimensions of welfare, which seems to be significant.     
Conclusion: As a result, in order for the city residents to reach the desired level of welfare and quality of life, double attention should be paid.       

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Statement Problem: Public service management in urban areas has become a determining factor in attracting and organizing the population. Proper management of this is essential to achieving citizen satisfaction. Meeting the expectations of people visiting a city is very important, because it can be decisive in deciding to stay in that place. Citizens' attachment to a city depends on adequate provision of public services.
Aim: This study examines the mental factors affecting citizens' satisfaction with municipal services. Three factors are considered: attachment to the place, quality of life and communication between the municipality and the citizens.
Methods: This study is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. The conceptual framework has been developed using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: The results showed that communication has the greatest impact on public service satisfaction (total direct and indirect effects= 0.938), followed by quality of life (total effects= 0.315) and finally, attachment to the city (Indirect effect= 0.256) are.
Conclusion: Therefore, municipalities in order to communicate more efficiently and faster with citizens in Tabriz should use technological systems and create the necessary activities on them so that they can communicate effectively with citizens. In addition, public institutions should not use these tricks for irregular events or limited time periods such as elections.
 

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The present study aimed to provide a comprarative analysis of the performance of Persian monoligual and Azari-Persian bilingual adolescents in comprehension of Persian proverbs. The study has been made on the basis of the constraint satisfaction model, within which the effect of the variables of “linguistic context”, “familiarity” and “gender” is examined on their “speed of comprehension”. The corpus includes 142 high school students in two groups of monolingual and bilingual individuals. The proverb comprehension test has been provided as a testing software­ in which the data are saved in the textual format and the response timing is saved in milliseconds. Data analysis was performed by a two-way analysis of variance. The research findings illustrated the significant effect of the variables studied, that by itself supports the efficiency of the constraint satisfaction model, as its theoretical base, in the comprehension of Persian proverbs.  

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    This study is aimed to design and examine a model for situational antecedents of IS/IT user satisfaction in administrative organizations. In this regard, questionnaires related to research variables were prepared and after ensuring the reliability and the content validity, were distributed among 379 employees as a sample. In order to test the hypotheses, first of all, measurement models were estimated and tested. Then, the data were fitted to structural equation. Results showed that all of situational factors, except IT Infrastructure of IS/IT, had positive meaningful effects on perceived ease of use in %99 confidence level. Moreover, perceived ease of use had a significant positive effect on user satisfaction. Among the situational factors examined, only task-technology fitted and technical support had a significant positive effect on perceived usefulness of information technology; however the significant effect of perceived usefulness on user satisfaction was not confirmed. Finally it was revealed that among mentioned situational factors, it is user involvement that has a direct positive effect on user satisfaction. Also, based on the result of the side-study, perceived usefulness of IT/IS has a moderating effect on the impact of IS/IT ease of use on user satisfaction.